NFS简介
NFS(Network File System)是一个网络文件系统,是Linux系统直接支持文件共享的一直文件系统,它允许网络中的计算机之间通过TCP/IP网络共享资源。在NFS的应用中,本地NFS的客户端应用可以透明地读写位于远端NFS服务器上的文件,就像访问本地文件一样。一般NFS为单击部署,而NFS服务器主要用于存放企业重要数据,此时为了能保证数据的安全可靠,需要对NFS服务器实现同步+keepalived高可用满足企业业务需求,如下为NFS+keepalived高可用架构实现步骤:
系统环境:CentOS 6.9
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架构:LAP+Discuz+MYSQL+NFS+Keepalived
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LAP:192.168.8.2
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LAP1:192.168.8.3
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MYSQL:192.168.8.5
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NFS+Keepalived(主):192.168.8.9
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NFS+Keepalived(备):192.168.8.10
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LAP端跟LAP1端,执行以下命令
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel php php-mysql php-devel nfs-utils
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MYSQL端,执行以下命令
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-devel mysql-server
NFS(主)端和NFS(备)端,执行以下命令
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ wget nfs* unzip
NFS(MASTER)端
1)下载Discuz论坛包
[root@localhost ~]# wget -c http://mirrors.yangxingzhen.com/discuz/Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
2)解压论坛包
[root@localhost ~]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
3)创建共享目录,拷贝论坛代码到共享目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/www
[root@localhost ~]# cd upload/
[root@localhost upload]# cp -a * /data/www
4)创建NFS配置文件,启动NFS服务
[root@localhost upload]# echo "/data/www *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >/etc/exports
[root@localhost upload]# cat /etc/exports
[root@localhost upload]# service rpcbind start
[root@localhost upload]# service nfs start
MySQL端
1)启动MYSQL服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
2)进入MYSQL命令行终端
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
3)创建Discuz库并授权
mysql> create database discuz charset=utf8;
mysql> grant all on discuz.* to bbs@'192.168.8.2' identified by '123456';
mysql> grant all on discuz.* to bbs@'192.168.8.3' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
LAP端
1)查看NFS服务器挂载情况
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.8.9
2)挂载NFS服务器共享目录到Apache发布目录(/var/www/html)
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.9:/data/www /var/www/html
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
3)启动Apache服务
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
4)打开浏览器访问本机IP,配置Discuz论坛
5)点击我同意,出现如下图
6)授权
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# chmod o+w config/ data/ uc_* -R
7)点击下一步
8)输入数据库服务器地址、数据库名、数据库用户名、数据库密码,点击下一步
9)等待安装
至此,论坛搭建成功。
LAP1端
只需使用mount命令即可
1)挂载NFS服务器共享目录到Apache发布目录(/var/www/html)
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.9:/data/www /var/www/html
[root@localhost ~]# df –h
2)启动Apache服务
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
3)打开浏览器访问本机IP,如下图
NFS+Keepalived(主)部署
1)安装keepalived所需要的依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel popt-devel kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt wget
2)下载keepalived软件包
[root@localhost ~]# wget -c http://mirrors.yangxingzhen.com/keepalived/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
3)解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.15
4)预编译keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.16.1.el6.x86_64
5)编译、安装keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install
6)创建软连接,拷贝相应的文件
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
7)编辑keepalived(主)配置文件
# 编辑vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
# 配置内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
675583110@qq.com
}
notification_email_from 675583110@qq.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nfs {
script "/data/shell/check_nfs.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
mcast_src_ip 192.168.8.9
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.8.99
}
track_script {
chk_nfs
}
}
[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived start
NFS+Keepalived(备)部署
1)创建共享目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/www
2)拷贝NFS服务器(主)论坛代码
[root@localhost ~]# scp -r root@192.168.8.9:/data/www/* /data/www
3)创建NFS配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/data/www *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >/etc/exports
4)安装keepalived所需要的依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel popt-devel kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt wget
5)下载keepalived软件包
[root@localhost ~]# wget -c http://mirrors.yangxingzhen.com/keepalived/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
6)解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.15
7)预编译keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.16.1.el6.x86_64
8)编译、安装keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install
9)创建软连接,拷贝相应的文件
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
10)编辑keepalived(主)配置文件
# 编辑vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
# 配置内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
675583110@qq.com
}
notification_email_from 675583110@qq.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nfs {
script "/data/shell/check_nfs.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
mcast_src_ip 192.168.8.10
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.8.99
}
track_script {
chk_nfs
}
}
11)启动keepalived服务、NFS服务
[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived start
[root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start
[root@localhost ~]# service nfs start
12)LAP端跟LAP1端分别重新挂载NFS共享目录(VIP),执行以下命令
[root@localhost ~]# umount /var/www/html
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.99:/data/www /var/www/html
13)分别访问LAP和LAP1
14)分别在NFS主和备机器上编写主备切换脚本,实现当主(备)的NFS服务宕机自动切换到备(主)机器上
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/shell
[root@localhost ~]# vim /data/shell/check_nfs.sh
#脚本内容如下
#!/bin/bash
#2018-1-16 13:19:57
#auto check nfs process
NUM=`ps -ef |grep nfs|grep -v grep|grep -v check|wc -l`
if [[ $NUM -eq 0 ]];then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
[root@localhost ~]# chmod o+x /data/shell/check_nfs.sh
15)实验测试
正常运行,VIP在NFS主机器上,当NFS服务器宕机之后自动漂移到备机器上,如下图
16)但是打开论坛是出现403,如下图
17)需要umount /var/www/html,再执行mount -t nfs 192.168.8.99:/data/www /var/www/html,chmod o+w data/ config/ uc_* -R即可
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