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什么是kickstart批量安装？
Kickstart是一种无人值守的安装方式之一(还有一种叫做Cobbler)。他的工作原理就是在安装过程中记录人工干预填写的各种参数，并生成一个名为ks.cfg的文件。如果在自动安装过程中出现要填写参数的情况，安装程序就会首先去查找ks.cfg文件，如果找到合适的参数，就采用所找的参数；如果没有找到，便弹出对话框让安装着手动书写。所以，ks.cfg文件涵盖了所有安装过程中需要填写的参数。那么安装者现在只需要告诉安装程序从何处下载ks,cfg文件，剩下的交给kickstart就可以完成安装操作系统这个事情。等安装完毕之后，安装程序根据ks.cfg中设置的重启/关闭系统，并结束安装。
此脚本是Kickstart基于CentOS 7.X自动安装部署脚本，有需要朋友可以参考，脚本内容如下：
文章源自小柒网-https://www.yangxingzhen.cn/7145.html
系统环境：CentOS 7.9文章源自小柒网-https://www.yangxingzhen.cn/7145.html
[root@localhost ~]# vim install_kickstart_centos7.sh文章源自小柒网-https://www.yangxingzhen.cn/7145.html
#!/bin/bash
#Date：2020-4-27 16:03:24
#Author Blog:
# https://www.yangxingzhen.cn
#Author WeChat：
# 微信公众号：小柒博客
#Author mirrors site:
# https://mirrors.yangxingzhen.com
#About the Author
# BY：YangXingZhen
# Mail：xingzhen.yang@yangxingzhen.com
# QQ：675583110
#Auto Install deploy kickstart(CentOS 7.X)
IPADDR=$(ifconfig |awk '/cast/ {print $2}' |awk -F: '{print $NF}')
GATEWAY=$(ip route | awk '/default/ {print $3}')
IP_1=$(echo ${IPADDR} | awk -F. '{print $1}')
IP_2=$(echo ${IPADDR} | awk -F. '{print $2}')
IP_3=$(echo ${IPADDR} | awk -F. '{print $3}')
#安装httpd、dhcp、tftp、xinetd
yum -y install httpd httpd-devel dhcp* tftp-server xinetd
#配置tftp
cat >/etc/xinetd.d/tftp <<EOF
service tftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -u nobody -s /var/lib/tftpboot
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
EOF
sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
#挂载光盘
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
#安装syslinux
yum -y install syslinux sysinux-devel
#配置pxelinux.cfg
mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
\cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
\cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot
\cp /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot
\cp /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot
\cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot
chmod 644 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
cat >/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default <<EOF
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 10
display boot.msg
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title CentOS Linux 7
label linux
menu label ^Install CentOS Linux 7
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.repo=http://${IPADDR}/centos7 quiet ks=http://${IPADDR}/ks.cfg
label check
menu label Test this ^media & install CentOS Linux 7
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rd.live.check quiet
EOF
#配置httpd
mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos7
mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/centos7
#配置dhcp
cat >/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf <<EOF
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
next-server ${IPADDR};
filename "pxelinux.0";
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet ${IP_1}.${IP_2}.${IP_3}.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#--- default gateway
option routers ${GATEWAY};
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name-servers 202.96.134.133,114.114.114.114;
range dynamic-bootp ${IP_1}.${IP_2}.${IP_3}.10 ${IP_1}.${IP_2}.${IP_3}.253;
}
EOF
#配置ks.cfg
cat >/var/www/html/ks.cfg <<EOF
install
text
keyboard 'us'
rootpw 123456
timezone Asia/Shanghai
url --url=http://${IPADDR}/centos7
lang en_US.UTF-8
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --noipv6
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
zerombr #清除mbr引导
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
clearpart --all --initlabel #清空分区
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 200 #/boot分区
part swap --size 512 #swap分区
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow #根分区
firstboot --disable #负责协助配置redhat一些重要的信息
selinux --disabled #关闭selinux
firewall --disabled #关闭防火墙
logging --level=info #设置日志级别
reboot #安装完成重启
%packages
@^minimal
@core
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%post
#修改为固定IP(DHCP分配什么IP就改成什么IP)
IPADDR=\$(hostname -I)
GATEWAY=\$(ip route |awk '/default/ {print \$3}')
#修改为静态IP
sed -i 's/dhcp/static/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
echo "IPADDR=\${IPADDR}" >>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
echo "NETMASK=255.255.255.0" >>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
echo "GATEWAY=\${GATEWAY}" >>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
systemctl restart network
#配置DNS
echo "nameserver 202.96.134.133" >/etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 114.114.114.114" >>/etc/resolv.conf
SOFT="lrzsz wget gcc gcc-c++ make cmake autoconf bzip2 bzip2-devel curl openssl openssl-devel rsync gd zip perl unzip ntpdate sysstat man mtr lsof iotop net-tools openssl-devel openssl-perl iostat subversion nscd vim ntp"
#更改为163的源
yum -y install wget
mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum -y install \${SOFT}
#更改ulimit参数
\cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.back
Limit=\$(cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep "65535"|wc -l)
if [ \${Limit} -eq 0 ];then
echo "* soft nproc 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nproc 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >> /etc/profile
echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >> /etc/rc.local
fi
#设置SSH
sed -i "s/\#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/GSSAPIAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#设置时区
if [ "\$(cat /etc/crontab | grep ntpdate)" = "" ]; then
echo "0 23 * * * root /usr/sbin/ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org >> /var/log/ntpdate.log" >> /etc/crontab
fi
rm -rf /etc/localtime
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
hwclock -w
#设置sysctl
SYSCONF="
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 120
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
net.nf_conntrack_max = 16404388
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 10800
#kernel: TCP: time wait bucket table overflow
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 30000
fs.file-max=655350"
#重启SSHD服务
systemctl restart sshd
echo \${SYSCONF} >>/etc/sysctl.conf
/sbin/sysctl -p
%end
EOF
#启动各个服务
systemctl restart dhcpd
systemctl restart xinetd
systemctl restart httpd
systemctl restart tftp
#开机自启
systemctl enable dhcpd
systemctl enable xinetd
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl enable tftp
echo -e "\033[32m温馨提示：新建虚拟机内存不能≥2G,网络模式需为桥接方式...\033[0m"
脚本执行方式：文章源自小柒网-https://www.yangxingzhen.cn/7145.html
[root@localhost ~]# sh install_kickstart_centos7.sh文章源自小柒网-https://www.yangxingzhen.cn/7145.html 文章源自小柒网-https://www.yangxingzhen.cn/7145.html
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