Kubernetes部署Prometheus+Grafana+Alertmanager并配置邮件报警

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一、Prometheus概述

二、基础概念

数据模型：prometheus将所有数据存储为时间序列：属于相同metric名称和相同标签组（键值对）的时间戳值流。
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metric和标签：每一个时间序列都是由其metric名称和一组标签（键值对）组成唯一标识，标签给prometheus建立了多维度数据模型。
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实例与任务：在prometheus中，一个可以拉取数据的端点叫做实例（instance），一般等同于一个进程。一组有着同样目标的实例（例如为弹性或可用性而复制的进程副本）叫做任务（job）。文章源自小柒网-https://www.yangxingzhen.cn/8293.html

三、组件架构

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  • prometheus server

Retrieval负责在活跃的target主机上抓取监控指标数据。Storage存储主要是把采集到的数据存储到磁盘中。PromQL是Prometheus提供的查询语言模块。
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  • Exporters

prometheus支持多种exporter，通过exporter可以采集metrics数据，然后发送到prometheus server端，所有向promtheus server提供监控数据的程序都可以被称为exporter。
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  • Client Library

客户端库，检测应用程序代码，当 Prometheus 抓取实例的HTTP端点时，客户端库会将所有跟踪的metrics指标的当前状态发送到prometheus server端。
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  • Alertmanager

从 Prometheus server端接收到alerts后，会进行去重，分组，并路由到相应的接收方，发出报警，常见的接收方式有：电子邮件，微信，钉钉, slack 等。
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  • Grafana

监控仪表盘，可视化监控数据。
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  • pushgateway

各个目标主机可上报数据到pushgatewy，然后prometheus server统一从 pushgateway拉取数据。
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注：基于v1.25.2版kubernetes，其他版本根据情况修改资源版本及配置

1、安装Node-exporter

1）创建namespace命名空间

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 ~]# kubectl create namespace monitor

2）创建配置文件目录

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 ~]# mkdir /opt/monitor

3）通过daemonset部署可使每个节点都有一个Pod来采集数据，node-exporter.yaml

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 ~]# cd /opt/monitor

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim node-exporter.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    name: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: node-exporter
    spec:
      hostPID: true
      hostIPC: true
      hostNetwork: true                                             # 共享宿主机网络和进程
      containers:
      - name: node-exporter
        image: prom/node-exporter:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100                                       # 容器暴露端口为9100
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 0.15
        securityContext:
          privileged: true                                          # 开启特权模式
        args:
        - --path.procfs
        - /host/proc
        - --path.sysfs
        - /host/sys
        - --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
        - '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
        volumeMounts:                                               # 挂载宿主机目录以收集宿主机信息
        - name: dev
          mountPath: /host/dev
        - name: proc
          mountPath: /host/proc
        - name: sys
          mountPath: /host/sys
        - name: rootfs
          mountPath: /rootfs
      tolerations:                                                  # 定义容忍度，使其可调度到默认有污点的master
        - operator: "Exists"
      volumes:                                                      # 定义存储卷
        - name: proc
          hostPath:
            path: /proc
        - name: dev
          hostPath:
            path: /dev
        - name: sys
          hostPath:
            path: /sys
        - name: rootfs
          hostPath:
            path: /

4）部署node-exporter

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yaml

5）查看是否部署成功

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get pod -n monitor

6）检查node-exporter是否能正常采集到数据

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# curl -s http://主机IP:9100/metrics |grep node_load

注：出现以上数据代表node-exporter安装成功

2、安装Prometheus Server

1）创建sa账号

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitor

2）sa账号授权

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitor --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=monitor:monitor

3）在指定的node节点创建数据目录，这里我用的是node1

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-node01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/prometheus

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-node01 ~]# chmod 777 /data/prometheus

4）使用configmap配置prometheus

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim prometheus-configmap.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      evaluation_interval: 1m
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        regex: '(.*):10250'
        replacement: '${1}:9100'
        target_label: __address__
        action: replace
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
    - job_name: kubernetes-pods
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
      - action: replace
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
        target_label: __metrics_path__
      - action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name 
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

5）创建prometheus的configmap

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-configmap.yaml

6）通过deployment部署prometheus，（其中nodeName值替换为要安装prometheus server节点的主机名，与刚才创建的/data/promtheus目录在同一节点）

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim prometheus-deploy.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
      component: server
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
        component: server
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'                             # 该容器不会被prometheus发现并监控，其他pod可通过添加该注解（值为true）以服务发现的方式自动被prometheus监控到。
    spec:
      nodeName: cmp-k8s-dev-node01
      serviceAccountName: monitor                                 # 指定sa，使容器有权限获取数据
      containers:
      - name: prometheus                                          # 容器名称
        image: prom/prometheus:v2.27.1                            # 镜像名称
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent                             # 镜像拉取策略
        command:                                                  # 容器启动时执行的命令
          - prometheus
          - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus                       # 旧数据存储目录
          - --storage.tsdb.retention=720h                         # 旧数据保留时间
          - --web.enable-lifecycle                                # 开启热加载
        ports:                                                    # 容器暴露的端口
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP                                           # 协议
        volumeMounts:                                             # 容器挂载的数据卷
        - mountPath: /etc/prometheus                              # 要挂载到哪里
          name: prometheus-config                                 # 挂载谁（与下面定义的volume对应）
        - mountPath: /prometheus/                              
          name: prometheus-storage-volume
      volumes:                                                    # 数据卷定义
        - name: prometheus-config                                 # 名称
          configMap:                                              # 从configmap获取数据
            name: prometheus-config                               # configmap的名称
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          hostPath:
            path: /data/prometheus
            type: Directory

7）创建Deployment

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml

8）查看deployment是否部署成功

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get deployment -n monitor

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get pod -n monitor

9）创建前端service配置文件，配置内容如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim prometheus-svc.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec: 
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30090
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: prometheus
    component: server

10）创建service

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml

11）查看service映射的端口号

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get svc -n monitor

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

prometheus NodePort 172.10.133.15 <none> 9090:30090/TCP 2m16s

12）浏览器访问prometheus的web界面

# 输入http://node1 IP:30090，如下图

13）查询负载情况验证Prometheus Server是否正常运行

3、安装Grafana

1）创建数据目录并授权

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-node01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/grafana

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-node01 ~]# chmod 777 /data/grafana

2）创建Grafana的deployment配置文件，配置内容如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim grafana-deploy.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-server
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      task: monitoring
      k8s-app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: grafana
    spec:
      nodeName: cmp-k8s-dev-node01                                                # 要安装到哪个节点
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana:8.5.14
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
          name: ca-certificates
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /var
          name: grafana-storage
        - mountPath: /var/lib/grafana/
          name: lib
        env:
        - name: INFLUXDB_HOST
          value: monitoring-influxdb
        - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
          value: "3000"
        - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
          value: "false"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
          value: "true"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          value: Admin
        - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
          value: /
      volumes:
      - name: ca-certificates
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/ssl/certs
      - name: grafana-storage
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: lib
        hostPath:
         path: /data/grafana/
         type: DirectoryOrCreate

注：nodeName的值替换为要安装grafana节点的主机名和创建的目录在同一节点

3）使用deployment部署grafana

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f grafana-deploy.yaml

4）查看Grafana是否创建成功

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get deployment -n monitor

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get pod -n monitor

5）创建Grafana前端Service，配置内容如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim grafana-svc.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
    kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
    nodePort: 30000
  selector:
    k8s-app: grafana
  type: NodePort

6）部署Grafana前端service

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f grafana-svc.yaml

7）查看Grafana前端service

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get svc -n monitor

8）浏览器访问Grafana

# 输入http://node1 IP:30000，如下图

4、配置Grafana

1）添加Prometheus数据源

2）选择prometheus，进入配置界面

3）配置内容如下

# 配置完成点击左下角Save & Test，出现如Data source is working，说明prometheus数据源配置成功。

4）下载模板

模板地址：https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/16098-1-node-exporter-for-prometheus-dashboard-cn-0417-job/

1、点击'+'选项，点击Import

2、选择下载好的json模板文件,点击Import导入

3、查看模板详情

5、安装kube-state-metrics（监控k8s资源状态）

1）创建rbac授权，配置内容如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml 

---
apiVersion: v1                                                     # api版本：v1
kind: ServiceAccount                                               # 资源类型：服务账号
metadata:                                                          # 元数据
  name: kube-state-metrics                                         # 名称
  namespace: monitor                                               # 名称空间
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole                                                  # 资源类型：集群角色 
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
rules:                                 
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes", "pods", "services", "resourcequotas", "replicationcontrollers", "limitranges", "persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes", "namespaces", "endpoints"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
  resources: ["daemonsets", "deployments", "replicasets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
  resources: ["statefulsets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
  resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
  resources: ["horizontalpodautoscalers"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: monitor

2）执行rbac yaml文件

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml

3）使用deployment安装kube-state-metrics，配置内容如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: monitor 
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kube-state-metrics
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kube-state-metrics
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
      containers:
      - name: kube-state-metrics
        image: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

4）创建kube-state-metrics

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml

5）查看是否创建成功

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get deployment -n monitor

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get pod -n monitor

6）创建创建前端service，配置文件如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
  ports:
  - name: kube-state-metrics
    port: 8080
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: kube-state-metrics

7）应用yaml文件

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml

8）查看svc

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get svc -n monitor

9）导入模板

模板地址：https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/15661-1-k8s-for-prometheus-dashboard-20211010/

# 导入json模板文件

# 查看监控状态

6、安装Altermanager

1）创建altermanager配置和告警模板

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim alertmanager-configmap.yaml 

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: monitor
data:
  alertmanager.yml: |                                 # altermanager配置文件
    global:                            
      resolve_timeout: 5m                            
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:465'             # 发送者的SMTP服务器
      smtp_from: '675583110@qq.com'                 # 发送者的邮箱
      smtp_auth_username: '675583110@qq.com'        # 发送者的邮箱用户名
      smtp_auth_password: 'Aa123456'                # 发送者授权密码
      smtp_require_tls: false
    templates:
    - '/etc/alertmanager/email.tmpl'
    route:                                            # 配置告警分发策略
      group_by: ['alertname']                         # 采用哪个标签作为分组依据
      group_wait: 10s                                 # 组告警等待时间（10s内的同组告警一起发送）
      group_interval: 10s                             # 两组告警的间隔时间
      repeat_interval: 10m                            # 重复告警的间隔时间
      receiver: email                                 # 接收者配置
    receivers:
    - name: 'email'                                   # 接收者名称（与上面对应）
      email_configs:                                  # 接收邮箱配置
      - to: 'yangxingzhen@tisson.cn'                  # 接收邮箱（填要接收告警的邮箱）
        headers: { Subject: "Prometheus [Warning] 报警邮件" }
        html: '{{ template "email.html" . }}'
        send_resolved: true                           # 是否通知已解决的告警
  email.tmpl: |           # 告警模版
    {{ define "email.html" }}
    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
    {{ range .Alerts }}
    告警程序：Prometheus_Alertmanager <br>
    告警级别：{{ .Labels.severity }} <br> 
    告警状态：{{ .Status }} <br>
    告警类型：{{ .Labels.alertname }} <br>
    告警主机：{{ .Labels.instance }} <br>
    告警详情：{{ .Annotations.description }} <br>
    触发时间：{{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br>
    {{ end }}{{ end -}}
     
    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
    {{ range .Alerts }}
    告警程序：Prometheus_Alertmanager <br>
    告警级别：{{ .Labels.severity }} <br>
    告警状态：{{ .Status }} <br>
    告警类型：{{ .Labels.alertname }} <br> 
    告警主机：{{ .Labels.instance }} <br>
    告警详情：{{ .Annotations.description }} <br>
    触发时间：{{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br>
    恢复时间：{{ (.EndsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br>
    {{ end }}{{ end -}}
     
    {{- end }}

2）创建altermanager的configmap

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-configmap.yaml

3）创建Prometheus告警规则

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim prometheus-alertmanager-configmap.yaml 

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    rule_files:
    - /etc/prometheus/rules.yml
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets: ["10.10.50.123:30093"]
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      evaluation_interval: 1m
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        regex: '(.*):10250'
        replacement: '${1}:9100'
        target_label: __address__
        action: replace
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role:  node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name 

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name
        
    - job_name: kubernetes-pods
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
      - action: replace
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
        target_label: __metrics_path__
      - action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
    
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-schedule'
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['10.10.50.114:10259']
    
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-controller-manager'
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['10.10.50.114:10257']
    
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-kube-proxy'
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['10.10.50.114:10249']
    
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-etcd'
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/ca.crt
        cert_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/server.crt
        key_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/server.key
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['10.10.50.114:2379','10.10.50.115:2379','10.10.50.116:2379']
  rules.yml: |
    groups:
    - name: example
      rules:
      - alert: kube-proxy的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  kube-proxy的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: scheduler的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  scheduler的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: controller-manager的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  controller-manager的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: apiserver的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  apiserver的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: etcd的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
      - alert:  etcd的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
      - alert: kube-state-metrics的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-state-metrics"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "80%"      
      - alert: kube-state-metrics的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-state-metrics"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "90%"      
      - alert: coredns的cpu使用率大于80%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "80%"      
      - alert: coredns的cpu使用率大于90%
        expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
          value: "{{ $value }}%"
          threshold: "90%"      
      - alert: kube-proxy打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kube-proxy打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-schedule打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-schedule打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-controller-manager打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-controller-manager打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-apiserver打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-apiserver打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-etcd打开句柄数>600
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-etcd打开句柄数>1000
        expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: coredns
        expr: process_open_fds{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}  > 600
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning 
        annotations:
          description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 打开句柄数超过600"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: coredns
        expr: process_open_fds{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 打开句柄数超过1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kube-proxy
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: scheduler
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-controller-manager
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-apiserver
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kubernetes-etcd
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: kube-dns
        expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}  > 2000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
      - alert: HttpRequestsAvg
        expr: sum(rate(rest_client_requests_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy|kubernetes-kubelet|kubernetes-schedule|kubernetes-control-manager|kubernetes-apiservers"}[1m]))  > 1000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): TPS超过1000"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1000"   
      - alert: Pod_restarts
        expr: kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{namespace=~"kube-system|default|monitor"} > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          severity: warnning
        annotations:
          description: "在{{$labels.namespace}}名称空间下发现{{$labels.pod}}这个pod下的容器{{$labels.container}}被重启,这个监控指标是由{{$labels.instance}}采集的"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Pod_waiting
        expr: kube_pod_container_status_waiting_reason{namespace=~"kube-system|default"} == 1
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.pod}}下的{{$labels.container}}启动异常等待中"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1"   
      - alert: Pod_terminated
        expr: kube_pod_container_status_terminated_reason{namespace=~"kube-system|default|monitor"} == 1
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.pod}}下的{{$labels.container}}被删除"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1"
      - alert: Etcd_leader
        expr: etcd_server_has_leader{job="kubernetes-etcd"} == 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 当前没有leader"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Etcd_leader_changes
        expr: rate(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 当前leader已发生改变"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Etcd_failed
        expr: rate(etcd_server_proposals_failed_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 服务失败"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "0"
      - alert: Etcd_db_total_size
        expr: etcd_debugging_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes{job="kubernetes-etcd"} > 10000000000
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}})：db空间超过10G"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "10G"
      - alert: Endpoint_ready
        expr: kube_endpoint_address_not_ready{namespace=~"kube-system|default"} == 1
        for: 2s
        labels:
          team: admin
        annotations:
          description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.endpoint}}不可用"
          value: "{{ $value }}"
          threshold: "1"
    - name: Node_exporter Down
      rules:
      - alert: Node实例已宕机
        expr: up == 0
        for: 15s
        labels:
          severity: Emergency
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "Node_exporter客户端已停止运行超过15s"
    - name: Memory Usage High
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-内存使用率过高
        expr: 100 - (node_memory_Buffers_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes + node_memory_MemFree_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 > 90
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "内存使用率 > 90%，当前内存使用率：{{ $value }}"
    - name: Cpu Load 1
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-CPU(1分钟负载)
        expr: node_load1 > 9
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "CPU负载(1分钟) > 9，前CPU负载(1分钟)：{{ $value }}"
    - name: Cpu Load 5
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-CPU(5分钟负载)
        expr: node_load5 > 10
        for: 3m
        labels:     
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "CPU负载(5分钟) > 10，当前CPU负载(5分钟)：{{ $value }}"
    - name: Cpu Load 15
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-CPU(15分钟负载)
        expr: node_load15 > 11
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "CPU负载(15分钟) > 11，当前CPU负载(15分钟)：{{ $value }}"
    - name: Cpu Idle High
      rules:            
      - alert: 物理节点-CPU使用率过高
        expr: 100 - (avg by(job,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100) > 90
        for: 3m
        labels:     
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "CPU使用率 > 90%，当前CPU使用率：{{ $value }}"        
    - name: Root Disk Space 
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-根分区使用率
        expr: (node_filesystem_size_bytes {mountpoint ="/"} - node_filesystem_free_bytes {mountpoint ="/"}) / node_filesystem_size_bytes {mountpoint ="/"} * 100 > 90
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "根分区使用率 > 90%，当前根分区使用率：{{ $value }}"
    - name: opt Disk Space 
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-opt分区使用率
        expr: (node_filesystem_size_bytes {mountpoint ="/opt"} - node_filesystem_free_bytes {mountpoint ="/opt"}) / node_filesystem_size_bytes {mountpoint ="/opt"} * 100 > 90
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "/opt分区使用率 > 90%，当前/opt分区使用率：{{ $value }}"
    - name: SWAP Usage Space 
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-Swap分区使用率
        expr: (1 - (node_memory_SwapFree_bytes / node_memory_SwapTotal_bytes)) * 100 > 90
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "Swap分区使用率 > 90%，当前Swap分区使用率：{{ $value }}"
    - name: Unusual Disk Read Rate
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-磁盘I/O读速率
        expr: sum by (job,instance) (irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 200
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "磁盘I/O读速率 > 200 MB/s，当前磁盘I/O读速率：{{ $value }}"
    - name: Unusual Disk Write Rate  
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-磁盘I/O写速率
        expr: sum by (job,instance) (irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 200
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "磁盘I/O写速率 > 200 MB/s，当前磁盘I/O读速率：{{ $value }}"
    - name: UnusualNetworkThroughputOut
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-网络流出带宽
        expr: sum by (job,instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 200
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "网络流出带宽 > 200 MB/s，当前网络流出带宽{{ $value }}"
    - name: TCP_Established_High
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-TCP连接数
        expr: node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab > 5000
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "TCP连接数 > 5000，当前TCP连接数：[{{ $value }}]"
    - name: TCP_TIME_WAIT
      rules:
      - alert: 物理节点-等待关闭的TCP连接数
        expr: node_sockstat_TCP_tw > 5000
        for: 3m
        labels:      
          severity: Warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{ $labels.job }}"
          address: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "等待关闭的TCP连接数 > 5000，当前等待关闭的TCP连接数：[{{ $value }}]"

4）应用yaml文件

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-alertmanager-configmap.yaml

5）创建挂载目录

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# mkdir -p /data/alertmanager

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# chmod 777 /data/alertmanager

5）创建Altermanager的yaml文件，配置内容如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim alertmanager-deploy.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    app: alertmanager 
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: alertmanager
      component: server
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: alertmanager
        component: server
    spec:
      nodeName: cmp-k8s-dev-node01 
      serviceAccountName: monitor                                 # 指定sa，使容器有权限获取数据
      containers:
      - name: alertmanager                                        # 容器名称
        image: bitnami/alertmanager:0.24.0                        # 镜像名称
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent                             # 镜像拉取策略
        args:                                                     # 容器启动时执行的命令
        - "--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml"
        - "--log.level=debug"
        ports:                                                    # 容器暴露的端口
        - containerPort: 9093
          protocol: TCP                                           # 协议
          name: alertmanager
        volumeMounts:                                             # 容器挂载的数据卷
        - mountPath: /etc/alertmanager                            # 要挂载到哪里
          name: alertmanager-config                               # 挂载谁（与下面定义的volume对应）
        - mountPath: /alertmanager/                              
          name: alertmanager-storage-volume
        - name: localtime
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
      volumes:                                                    # 数据卷定义
        - name: alertmanager-config                               # 名称
          configMap:                                              # 从configmap获取数据
            name: alertmanager                                    # configmap的名称
        - name: alertmanager-storage-volume
          hostPath:
            path: /data/alertmanager
            type: Directory
        - name: localtime
          hostPath:
            path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai

6）部署Alertmanager

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-deploy.yaml

7）创建前端service，配置内容如下

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim alertmanager-svc.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    name: alertmanager 
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  ports:
  - name: alertmanager
    nodePort: 30093
    port: 9093
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9093
  selector:
    app: alertmanager
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: NodePort

8）应用yaml文件

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-svc.yaml

9）生成etcd-certs用于prometheus

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl -n monitor create secret generic etcd-certs --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt

10）删除之前安装的prometheus

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl delete -f prometheus-deploy.yaml

11）修改prometheus-deploy.yaml

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# vim prometheus-deploy.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
      component: server
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
        component: server
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'                             # 该容器不会被prometheus发现并监控，其他pod可通过添加该注解（值为true）以服务发现的方式自动被prometheus监控到。
    spec:
      nodeName: cmp-k8s-dev-node01
      serviceAccountName: monitor                                 # 指定sa，使容器有权限获取数据
      containers:
      - name: prometheus                                          # 容器名称
        image: prom/prometheus:v2.27.1                            # 镜像名称
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent                             # 镜像拉取策略
        command:                                                  # 容器启动时执行的命令
          - prometheus
          - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus                       # 旧数据存储目录
          - --storage.tsdb.retention=720h                         # 旧数据保留时间
          - --web.enable-lifecycle                                # 开启热加载
        ports:                                                    # 容器暴露的端口
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP                                           # 协议
        volumeMounts:                                             # 容器挂载的数据卷
        - mountPath: /etc/prometheus                              # 要挂载到哪里
          name: prometheus-config                                 # 挂载谁（与下面定义的volume对应）
        - mountPath: /prometheus/
          name: prometheus-storage-volume
        - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/
          name: k8s-certs
      volumes:                                                    # 数据卷定义
        - name: prometheus-config                                 # 名称
          configMap:                                              # 从configmap获取数据
            name: prometheus-config                               # configmap的名称
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          hostPath:
            path: /data/prometheus
            type: Directory
        - name: k8s-certs
          secret:
           secretName: etcd-certs

12）创建Pod

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml

13）查看prometheus是否部署成功

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get pods -n monitor

14）浏览器访问alertmanager

# 输入http://IP:30093，如下图

15）查看邮件告警

16）故障处理

注意：以下操作在生产环境慎重执行，可能会导致集群故障

kubeadm部署k8s集群，kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler的监听IP默认为127.0.0.1，如果需要将其改为0.0.0.0用以提供外部访问，可分别修改对应的manifest文件。可按如下方法处理：

# kube-scheduler

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/g' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml

修改如下内容：

--bind-address==127.0.0.1修改成--bind-address=0.0.0.0

httpGet:

hosts: 127.0.0.1改成0.0.0.0

# kube-controller-manager

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/g' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml

修改如下内容：

--bind-address==127.0.0.1修改成--bind-address=0.0.0.0

httpGet:

hosts: 127.0.0.1改成0.0.0.0

# 重启各节点的kubelet

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# systemctl restart kubelet

# kube-proxy

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl edit configmap kube-proxy -n kube-system

修改如下内容：

metricsBindAddress: ""修改成metricsBindAddress: "0.0.0.0"

# 删除Pod

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl get pod -n monitor

[root@cmp-k8s-dev-master01 monitor]# kubectl delete pod -n kube-system kube-proxy-qjpxx

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  • 本文由 小柒助手 发表于 2022年10月16日 16:01:04
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